EXPLORING TEACHING STRATEGIES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: A CROSS NATIONAL REVIEW OF PRACTICES IN CHINA AND PAKISTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55733/jpcs.v6i1.92Keywords:
Physical education, teaching strategies, Secondary schools, China, PakistanAbstract
The current study provides a cross national comparison of physical education (PE) teaching strategies employed in Chinese and Pakistani secondary schools. In order to investigate PE teaching strategies, pedagogical frameworks, and the sociocultural and policy contexts influencing physical education in both nations, the research synthesizes empirical studies, policy documents, and curriculum guidelines using an integrative literature review methodology. The findings of the research show that China employs a systematic, innovation-focused, and policy-driven approach that combines conventional techniques with technology-enhanced instruction, student-centered learning, the Tactical Games Approach (TGA), and comprehensive health education. The strategies align with the national struggle including Healthy China 2030, focusing on PE exercises that people should perform throughout their lives, their health, and mental health. In Pakistan, PE instruction is teacher-centered and mostly traditional which focuses only on command style teachings, limited curriculum innovation and direct instruction. Educational progress is further hindered by the lack of resources, lack of PD training and prioritization of policies. Nevertheless, these differences notwithstanding, both systems identify the importance of PE in enhancing the physical and socio emotional development of children. The current study concluded with several recommendations on change in the curriculum, policy development and provision of teacher training especially in Pakistan to develop more holistic, effective and attractive PE program. This review contributes to a more comprehensive knowledge of how educational policy, culture, and resources influence PE practices, providing significant insights for reform in similarly organized educational systems.
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